陕西高陵4．4级地震期间形变异常分析     

柯昌安  李正嫒  窦玛丽 《高原地震》2013,(4):1-9

2009年11月5日,陕西省高陵县发生了Ms4．4级地震,震前1周陕西形变资料出现多台项的短临异常。对异常特征和震源机制展开分析,结果显示：①异常幅度与震中距成反比;②异常方向和台项分布与震源机制相吻合。  相似文献   

Experimental estimation of velocities and anisotropy of a series of Swedish crystalline rocks and ores     

Alireza Malehmir  Magnus Andersson  Maxim Lebedev  Milovan Urosevic  Vassili Mikhaltsevitch 《Geophysical Prospecting》2013,61(1):153-167

To provide a guide for future deep (<1.5 km) seismic mineral exploration and to better understand the nature of reflections imaged by surface reflection seismic data in two mining camps and a carbonatite complex of Sweden, more than 50 rock and ore samples were collected and measured for their seismic velocities. The samples are geographically from the northern and central parts of Sweden, ranging from metallic ore deposits, meta‐volcanic and meta‐intrusive rocks to deformed and metamorphosed rocks. First, ultrasonic measurements of P‐ and S‐wave velocities at both atmospheric and elevated pressures, using 0.5 MHz P‐ and S‐wave transducers were conducted. The ultrasonic measurements suggest that most of the measured velocities show positive correlation with the density of the samples with an exception of a massive sulphide ore sample that shows significant low P‐ and S‐wave velocities. The low P‐ and S‐wave velocities are attributed to the mineral texture of the sample and partly lower pyrite content in comparison with a similar type sample obtained from Norway, which shows significantly higher P‐ and S‐wave velocities. Later, an iron ore sample from the central part of Sweden was measured using a low‐frequency (0.1–50 Hz) apparatus to provide comparison with the ultrasonic velocity measurements. The low‐frequency measurements indicate that the iron ore sample has minimal dispersion and attenuation. The iron ore sample shows the highest acoustic impedance among our samples suggesting that these deposits are favourable targets for seismic methods. This is further demonstrated by a real seismic section acquired over an iron ore mine in the central part of Sweden. Finally, a laser‐interferometer device was used to analyse elastic anisotropy of five rock samples taken from a major deformation zone in order to provide insights into the nature of reflections observed from the deformation zone. Up to 10% velocity‐anisotropy is estimated and demonstrated to be present for the samples taken from the deformation zone using the laser‐interferometery measurements. However, the origin of the reflections from the major deformation zone is attributed to a combination of anisotropy and amphibolite lenses within the deformation zone.  相似文献   

Field investigation of a dry detention pond with underground detention storage     

Sai Hin Lai  Darrien Yau Seng Mah 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1249-1255

Abstract

A dry pond is an urban drainage component designed to temporarily store stormwater runoff and to encourage infiltration of surface water to the subsurface layer. This paper investigates field measurement of a dry pond at Taiping Health Clinic, Perak, Malaysia that has been functioning well for five years. The pond has a surface area of 195 m², maximum depth of 32 cm, and a storage capacity of 31.88 m³. The study focused on the infiltration functionality of the constructed dry pond and the results show that it has an average infiltration rate of 125 mm/h and dries up in 330 min after being filled to a depth of 31 mm. A public-domain hydrological model was then employed to simulate hydrographs of ponding and draining, the results of which matched observations with 86–98% accuracy. These results can lead to better understanding of the system and allow duplication of such a drainage design elsewhere.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis

Citation Lai, S.H. and Mah, D.Y.S., 2012. Field investigation of a dry detention pond with underground detention storage. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (6), 1249–1255.  相似文献   

数字前兆资料分析处理系统的设计与研制     

刘珠妹  李盛乐  刘坚  苏融 《震灾防御技术》2013,8(4):416-422

数字前兆资料分析系统集成了数字形变、电磁、流体资料的前兆数据处理和信息提取技术,可实现不同周期异常的后台自动计算,以及从数据准备到报告PPT自动生成的一键工作流程,并具备专业异常分析和GMT交互制图功能,为行业内外用户提供前兆产品动态网页浏览和不同权限的数据下载服务.建立数字前兆资料分析处理系统,可提高数字化前兆资料分析自动化处理能力,为建立健全数字地震预测技术和方法奠定基础.  相似文献   

地震台JCZ-1与JCZ-1T甚宽频带地震仪对比观测分析     

田文德  叶建庆  胡俊明 《地震研究》2013,36(3)

采用成都基准地震台JCZ-1型和JCZ-1T甚宽频带数字地震仪同一时间段记录的地方震、近震和远震的地脉动噪声做功率谱分析.结果表明,JCZ-1和JCZ-1T型甚宽频带地震仪在主要频带内对地噪声的响应程度是一致的.在高频端和低频端JCZ-1T型地震计分辨率更高,且信噪比更高,高出10 ～ 20 dB.JCZ-1型地震计由于长期使用导致材料老化以及受环境温度或气流微量变化的影响,地震计的噪声较高,可能对地震波记录的幅值产生5％左右的影响.JCZ-1T型地震计在安装过程中所采取的保温、防气流扰动等各种防护措施是可靠的.  相似文献   

地电井下观测装置技术指标的测试与认定讨论——井下观测设施构建与测试技术          下载免费PDF全文

马可兴  安海静  王康  张磊 《地震工程学报》2013,35(S1):143-147

观测技术系统的设施构建技术指标认定是观测技术的核心所在,本文结合地电井下观测设施构建工程^[1],着重讨论针对观测装置测试的需求、技术指标测试的方法以及认定的过程。文中以具体工程参数为例,给出4项测试结果,讨论了认定依据和认定过程,希望本讨论能对地电井下观测设施建设、指标的认定起到参考作用。  相似文献   

基于应变积累释放模型研究鄂尔多斯块体地震活动特征     

高立新  张晖  戴勇 《地震工程学报》2013,35(S1):54-60

利用1970年以来积累的仪器记录地震目录资料,基于G-R关系的应变积累释放模型,研究了鄂尔多斯块体周缘的应变积累释放分期特征及其所处的应变状态。结果表明,块体周缘的应变积累释放具有明显的两阶段分期特征,其周缘整体的应变释放和积累的分界线大致在公元2000年左右。块体周缘以及块体北缘、东缘、西缘目前均处于应变积累状态,应变积累时间均超过10年,未来将进入应变释放阶段,应变释放强度最大的为块体北缘、其次是块体的东缘和西缘;释放的应变量分别相当于6.5级和6.0级左右地震强度。南缘仍处于应变积累释放的起伏阶段。  相似文献   

岷县漳县6.6级地震前区域地壳运动变形背景与断层形变异常特征          下载免费PDF全文

王双绪  蒋锋云  李宁  刘立炜  张四新 《地震工程学报》2013,35(3):503-512

利用甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震区所在的青藏块体东北缘地区的区域水准、GPS、流动重力和跨断层短测线等地形变监测资料,结合地质构造、动力环境和已往的研究结果,分析了不同类型资料反映的震前区域性地壳变形背景、断层形变异常特征和可能的机理.结果认为：（1）岷县漳县6.6级地震前西秦岭、六盘山等构造区不同程度地存在着GPS水平挤压闭锁高应变积累、垂直隆升异常高梯度带和重力升、降差异剧烈变化等中长期背景;（2）震前到震时发震断裂附近及其外围相关构造区域断层形变异常在空间和时间上的起伏波动变化显著,尤其是汶川地震以来的波动变化在一定程度上反映了与本区构造比邻的龙门山断裂带剧烈右旋错动对本区的影响,与本次岷县6.6级地震过程有关;（3）本区有地形变监测资料积累以来缺乏6级以上震例,虽然存在不同程度的中长期形变背景异常,但何时进入短期-短临阶段确实很难把握,需要不断积累总结和探索提高.  相似文献   

2013年甘肃岷县漳县M_s6.6地震前地壳形变特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

马海萍  武艳强  杨立明  江在森  刘晓霞  张辉 《地震工程学报》2013,35(4):730-736

基于2013年岷县漳县M6.6地震震源区及其邻区1999年以来的GPS观测资料,通过应变率动态特征分析、多期次GPS剖面分析和基线变形速率的分析讨论了地震的震前变形特征.GPS速度场和块体应变率表明,汶川地震的发生导致了柴达木地块运动与变形状态发生明显调整,但由于西秦岭北缘等深大断裂的存在,岷-秦地块对其响应不明显;GPS连续应变率显示,在汶川地震引起的区域地壳变形调整过程中岷县漳县地震震源区附近的应变积累速率有减缓的迹象;GPS剖面显示,平行于岷县漳县主破裂带的运动分量对汶川地震响应显著,汶川震后表现为剪切变形速率的增强,而垂直于主破裂带的运动分量则对汶川地震响应不明显;震中周边GPS基线变形速率表明,基线伸缩变化率总体呈现NW向拉张、NE向压缩状态,且拉张量明显小于压缩量.上述地壳变形动态特征表明西秦岭北缘断裂及其附近地区的应变积累水平和断层闭锁程度可能处于较高水平,在岷县漳县地震前该区表现出局部“硬化”迹象.  相似文献   

Exploring the reasons for the seasons using Google Earth, 3D models,and plots     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):582-603

ABSTRACT

Public understanding of climate and climate change is of broad societal importance. However, misconceptions regarding reasons for the seasons abound amongst students, teachers, and the public, many of whom believe that seasonality is caused by large variations in Earth’s distance from the Sun. Misconceptions may be reinforced by textbook illustrations that exaggerate eccentricity or show an inclined view of Earth’s near-circular orbit. Textbook explanations that omit multiple factors influencing seasons, that do not mesh with students’ experiences, or that are erroneous, hinder scientifically valid reasoning. Studies show that many teachers share their students’ misconceptions, and even when they understand basic concepts, teachers may fail to appreciate the range of factors contributing to seasonal change, or their relative importance. We have therefore developed a learning resource using Google Earth, a virtual globe with other useful, weather- and climate-related visualizations. A classroom test of 27 undergraduates in a public research university showed that 15 improved their test scores after the Google Earth-based laboratory class, whereas 5 disimproved. Mean correct answers rose from 4.7/10 to 6/10, giving a paired t-test value of 0.21. After using Google Earth, students are helped to segue to a heliocentric view.  相似文献